EDU - Education
EDU 60CP1 Clinical Practice Seminar I (1 Unit)
This seminar course supports the Clinical Practice I experience through classroom inquiry and reflection on the general education curriculum and California standards, including the principles of effective classroom management, teaching methods, differentiation of instruction, lesson planning and delivery, and parent communication. Emphasis is placed on the modification of lessons and instructional support of English learners, diverse learners, and learners with exceptionalities. Candidates explore school and community demographics and consider methods for teaching diverse populations.
Letter grade.
Fee: A TPA Assessment fee is attached to this course.
All candidates who are preparing for their first preliminary credential must enroll in EDU 60CP1 during their first clinical practice placement and EDU 60CP2 during the second placement.
EDU 60CP2 Clinical Practice Seminar II (1 Unit)
This seminar course supports the Clinical Practice II experience through additional classroom inquiry and reflection on appropriate instructional strategies for learners with disabilities, the principles of effective classroom management, teaching methods, differentiation of instruction, lesson planning and delivery, and parent communication. Emphasis is placed on the modification of lessons and instructional support of English learners, diverse learners, and learners with exceptionalities. Candidates continue to explore school and community demographics and consider methods for teaching diverse populations.
Letter grade.
EDU 6000 Foundations of Education and Learning Theory (3 Units)
This survey course provides an overview of the major laws and principles regarding the historical and contemporary purposes, roles, and functions of education in American society as well as an overview of the major concepts, theories, and research related to the cognitive, linguistic, social, emotional, and physical development of children and adolescents. Wesleyan perspectives in education are introduced.
Letter grade.
EDU 6001 Language Acquisition and Diverse Populations (3 Units)
This theory course focuses on the principles of language acquisition and effective instructional practices for English learners. It further examines the pedagogy of educational equity to provide English learners access to the core curriculum. Foundational knowledge and classroom instructional practices are linked through the systematic study of phonemic awareness, oral language, and literacy development. Special emphasis is placed on the Structured English Immersion model as practiced in California schools. Effective instructional strategies that ensure active and equitable participation of learners who are culturally, ethnically, and socioeconomically diverse are introduced and applied through fieldwork experiences. This course requires 20 hours of observation in the field.
Letter grade.
EDU 6002 Foundations of Special Education (3 Units)
This survey course provides an overview of the major educational practices, theories, and research regarding diverse learners with disabilities. Emergent issues and best practices, including differentiated instruction, curricular adaptations and modifications, compliance with laws, ethical concerns, and characteristics and needs of learners with disabilities, will be examined. Principles of effective collaborative and interdisciplinary teaming, positive behavior supports, and inclusive educational programming are addressed. This course meets the special education mainstreaming requirement for all preliminary teaching credentials. This course requires 20 hours of observation in the field.
Letter grade.
EDU 6003 Classroom Assessment and Research Practices (3 Units)
This methodology course analyzes assessment types, practices, and instruments used to evaluate student academic achievement utilizing formative, summative, formal, informal, as well as classroom-based and standardized measures. Candidates apply the knowledge and skills to design both whole class and differentiated instruction and California State Standards-based assessments based on student profiles. The relationship between theory and practice provides the basis for reflection to encourage application of research-based assessment strategies in the classroom. This course includes intentional practice of classroom management, active and equitable participation for culturally, ethnically, linguistically and academically diverse learners, lesson planning, and formative assessment to differentiate instruction for all learners. Modifications for diverse learners and learners with exceptionalities are researched and applied. Technology for teaching and learning is integrated in the course.
Letter grade.
EDU 6010 Methods of Teaching Reading and Writing (3 Units)
This methodology course provides intensive instruction in early reading and adolescent literacy to enable candidates to create and implement a comprehensive program of systematic, explicit and developmental instruction based on the CA English/ language arts standards and the most recent research in language development, reading and writing, and the CA Dyslexia Guidelines. Opportunities for candidates to learn, understand, and effectively implement the CA ELA and ELD standards, utilize strategies, methods, materials to include culturally diverse literature and reading experiences for all learners. This course includes intentional application and practice of lesson planning, formative assessments for differentiated instruction and interventions and practice of classroom management and routines as well as, implementation of culturally, ethnically, linguistically, diverse practices for all learners. Modifications for diverse learners and learners with exceptionalities are researched and applied through fieldwork experience. Technology for teaching and learning is integrated in the course. This course requires 20 hours of observation in the field.
Letter grade.
EDU 6011 Interdisciplinary Approaches to Teaching in the Content Areas (3 Units)
This methodology course emphasizes a cross-curricular approach to content-based instruction through critical thinking skills, basic analysis skills, study skills, and specific teaching strategies and methodology for active forms of learning. The process of interrelation of ideas and information within and across science, social studies, health, and physical education utilizing the academic content standards is emphasized. Included in this course is the integration of reading, writing, listening, and speaking across content areas. Instruction is aligned to the California State Standards (K-8) and the language needs of all learners. This course includes intentional practice of classroom management, active and equitable participation for culturally, ethnically, linguistically and academically diverse learners, lesson planning, and formative assessment to differentiate instruction for all learners. Modifications for diverse learners and learners with exceptionalities are researched and applied. Technology for teaching and learning is integrated in the course.
Letter grade.
EDU 6012 Differentiated Mathematics Instruction for All Learners (3 Units)
This methodology course addresses the planning of content-specific instruction and delivery of content consistent with Common Core (K-8) mathematics standards and the language needs of all learners. The interrelated components of a balanced program of mathematics and the fostering of positive attitudes toward mathematics are stressed. This course includes instruction in how to model concepts and teach learners to solve problems using multiple strategies and to anticipate, recognize, and clarify mathematical misunderstandings that are common among (K-8) learners. This course includes intentional practice of classroom management, active and equitable participation for culturally, ethnically, linguistically, and academically diverse learners, lesson planning, and formative assessment to differentiate instruction for all learners. Modifications for diverse learners and learners with exceptionalities are researched and applied through fieldwork experience. Technology for teaching and learning is integrated in the course. This course requires 20 hours of observation in the field.
Letter grade.
EDU 6017 (A,B,C,D) Teaching and Learning Capstone: Contemporary Issues in the Vocation of Education (0.5-2 Units)
This course offers candidates the opportunity to develop knowledge, skills and dispositions related to contemporary issues and challenges in California's teaching/learning systems. Special attention will be given to those issues that impede or aid positive school, classroom and community cultures and students' general academic and social success. Utilizing an interdisciplinary focus grounded in Educational Learning/Teaching Theory and pedagogy, candidates explore personal and professional planning practices of self-assessment, missional or life purpose development.
Must be taken four (4) times. Letter grade.
EDU 6018A Trauma-Informed Care and Classroom Management (1 Unit)
This course prepares candidates to foster inclusive and supportive learning environments through Positive Behavioral Intervention and Supports (PBIS) and trauma-informed practices. Using an interdisciplinary focus grounded in educational learning theory and pedagogy, candidates will explore best practices and procedures for effective classroom management. Candidates examine how trauma impacts student behavior, explore strategies for preventing and addressing bullying and harassment, and develop resources to support students experiencing homelessness, foster care, incarceration, or medical fragility. The course also emphasizes professional responsibilities, including mandated reporting and modeling ethical conduct in both classroom and digital spaces.
Letter grade.
EDU 6018B Culturally-Responsive Planning and Teaching (1 Unit)
This course prepares candidates for the classroom by developing knowledge, skills, and dispositions to address the diverse issues and challenges in California's schools. Candidates will develop an awareness of the many cultures and micro-cultures, and the impact that cultural heritage and life experiences have on the teaching and learning process. Using an interdisciplinary approach grounded in the Universal Design for Learning and culturally responsive pedagogy, candidates will explore best practices in instructional planning and design that promote equity, access, and engagement for all learners.
Letter grade.
EDU 6020 Literacy Instruction for Secondary Teachers (3 Units)
This methodology course teaches the knowledge and skills necessary to support the literacy development of secondary learners, including English learners, across the content areas. The core areas of reading, writing, listening, and speaking, as outlined in the English Language Arts (7-12) California State Standards, and the English Language Development standards, serve as the foundation and the focus. The development of reading comprehension skills, vocabulary development, and literary response and analysis and culturally diverse literature are emphasized. Instruction also emphasizes reading and writing across the curriculum to support content area knowledge. This course includes intentional practice of classroom management, active and equitable participation for culturally, ethnically, linguistically and academically diverse learners, lesson planning, and formative assessment to differentiate instruction for all learners. Modifications for diverse learners and learners with exceptionalities are researched and applied through fieldwork experience. This course requires 20 hours of observation in the field.
Letter grade.
EDU 6021 General Methods for Secondary Teachers (3 Units)
This methodology course explores current pedagogy and its research underpinnings with the goal of implementing specific strategies, techniques, and practice of the methods presented. Candidates will demonstrate mastery of specific competencies, including literacy and language development in detailed lesson plans to make content accessible to all learners through developmentally appropriate pedagogy, effective questioning techniques, and use of appropriate resources. Candidates' demonstration lessons provide opportunity for reflection on attempted practices. This course includes intentional practice of classroom management, active and equitable participation for culturally, ethnically, linguistically and academically diverse learners, lesson planning, and formative assessment to differentiate instruction for all learners. Modifications for diverse learners and learners with exceptionalities are researched and applied through fieldwork experience. Technology for teaching and learning is integrated in the course. This course requires 20 hours of observation in the field.
Letter grade.
EDU 6022 Methods of Teaching Secondary Language Arts (3 Units)
This methodology course is designed to prepare prospective secondary-level (Grades 7- 12) candidates for successful teaching of language arts. Candidates become familiar with a variety of specific methods to use in teaching literature, composition, and language. The topics explored include the following: trends in English curriculum development, the six-trait writing process, assessment, classroom application of various forms of technology, and professional organizations. Instruction is aligned to the state adopted English Language Arts California State Standards (7-12) and the California English Language Development Standards. This course includes intentional practice of classroom management, active and equitable participation for culturally, ethnically, linguistically and academically diverse learners, lesson planning, and formative assessment to differentiate instruction for all learners. Modifications for diverse learners and learners with exceptionalities are researched.
Letter grade.
EDU 6023 Methods of Teaching Secondary Mathematics (3 Units)
This methodology course is designed to prepare prospective secondary-level (Grades 7- 12) candidates for successful teaching of mathematics content. Topics include: strategies and models for developing mathematical concepts, building skills for understanding and communicating mathematical ideas effectively, and techniques for teaching critical thinking and problem solving. Attention is also given to the following: methods of presentation, awareness of national mathematics organizations, the writing of unit/daily lesson plans, microteaching of a math lesson, selection of materials, inclusionary practices, classroom application of various forms of technology, and techniques for assessment. Instruction is aligned to the state-adopted Mathematics Standards (7-12) and the California English Language Development Standards. This course includes intentional practice of classroom management, active and equitable participation for culturally, ethnically, linguistically and academically diverse learners, lesson planning, and formative assessment to differentiate instruction for all learners. Modifications for diverse learners and learners with exceptionalities are researched.
Letter grade.
Equivalent to EDT 4033 or Mathematics 4063 Secondary School Mathematics (3). PLNU students who complete EDT 4033 or Mathematics 4063 are exempt from taking EDU 6023 for their preliminary single-subject credential program but must replace it with three (3) units of a graduate-level elective for the MAT degree.
EDU 6024 Methods of Teaching Secondary Science (3 Units)
This methodology course is designed to prepare prospective secondary-level (Grades 7- 12) candidates for successful teaching of life and physical sciences. Topics include the following: pedagogical content knowledge, curriculum selection and design, safe laboratory management and operation, integration of language arts and mathematics in the science curriculum, methods and modalities of science teaching, assessment, classroom application of various forms of technology, and professional organizations. Micro-teaching, classroom observation and group and self-evaluation are included. Instruction is aligned to the state-adopted Science Standards (7-12), the Next Generation Science Standards (NGSS), and the California English Language Development Standards. This course includes intentional practice of classroom management, active and equitable participation for culturally, ethnically, linguistically, and academically diverse learners, lesson planning, and formative assessment to differentiate instruction for all learners. Modifications for diverse learners and learners with exceptionalities are researched.
Letter grade.
EDU 6025 Methods of Teaching Secondary Social Science (3 Units)
This methodology course is designed to prepare prospective secondary-level (Grades 7- 12) candidates for successful teaching of both the social and behavioral sciences. Topics include the following: instructional planning, evaluation and questioning techniques, research methods, and professional organizations. Instruction is aligned to the state-adopted Social Science Standards (7-12) and the California English Language Development Standards. This course includes intentional practice of classroom management, active and equitable participation for culturally, ethnically, linguistically and academically diverse learners, lesson planning, and formative assessment to differentiate instruction for all learners. Modifications for diverse learners and learners with exceptionalities are researched.
Letter grade.
EDU 6026 Methods of Teaching Secondary Foreign Language (3 Units)
This methods course is based on the organizing principles of the California State Framework, the National Standards for the Learning of Foreign Languages in the 21st Century, the American Council on the Teaching of Foreign Guidelines, and current research in methodology in foreign language instruction. Topics include the following: instructional planning, selection and classroom application of various forms of technology, evaluation and questioning techniques, research methods, and professional organizations. Each candidate will develop a unit of instruction suitable for a secondary level classroom. This course includes intentional practice of classroom management, active and equitable participation for culturally, ethnically, linguistically and academically diverse learners, lesson planning, and formative assessment to differentiate instruction for all learners. Modifications for diverse learners and learners with exceptionalities are researched.
Letter grade.
EDU 6027 Methods of Teaching Secondary Visual Arts (3 Units)
This methods course introduces the study to the theory and practice of teaching visual arts in secondary schools. Content is designed to address content areas of the California Visual Arts Standards in middle and high schools. Topics include the following: instructional planning and classroom management, selection and classroom application of various forms of technology, evaluation and questioning techniques, state and national content standards and assessments, research methods, professional organizations (National Association of Art Educators), and the inclusive classroom. Each candidate develops a unit of instruction suitable for a secondary level classroom. Each candidate is required to prepare a final portfolio of the work in the course. This course includes intentional practice of classroom management, active and equitable participation for culturally, ethnically, linguistically and academically diverse learners, lesson planning, and formative assessment to differentiate instruction for all learners. Modifications for diverse learners and learners with exceptionalities are researched.
Letter grade.
EDU 6028 Methods of Teaching Secondary Physical Education (3 Units)
This methods course introduces the philosophical bases, instructional techniques and procedures, and the various elements involved in teaching physical education at the secondary level. Topics include the following: classroom teaching methods, practical application, and the California State Framework in Physical Education. Each candidate is required to prepare a final portfolio of the work in the course. This course includes intentional practice of classroom management, active and equitable participation for culturally, ethnically, linguistically and academically diverse learners, lesson planning, and formative assessment to differentiate instruction for all learners. Modifications for diverse learners and learners with exceptionalities are researched.
Letter grade.
EDU 6029 Content-Specific Pedagogy for Secondary Teachers (3 Units)
This methodology course introduces candidates to a variety of assessments, instructional, and management strategies as related to secondary content subject matter. Candidates explore the delivery of instruction in the content areas in which they seek their credential with extensive research, practice, and reflection. Topics include the following: lesson planning and formative assessment. This course includes intentional practice of classroom management, active and equitable participation for culturally, ethnically, linguistically and academically diverse learners, lesson planning, and formative assessment to differentiate instruction for all learners. Modifications for diverse learners and learners with exceptionalities are researched.
Letter grade.
Equivalent to EDT 4039 or Music Education 4054 Secondary School Music Methods (3). PLNU candidates who complete EDT 4039 or Music Education 4054 are exempt from taking EDU 6029 for their preliminary single-subject credential program but must replace it with three (3) units of a graduate-level elective for the MAT degree.
EDU 6030 Elementary Clinical Practice I (CalTPA Cycle 1) (4 Units)
This Clinical Practice experience provides the candidate with an opportunity to work directly with learners in a university-assigned elementary classroom with a Cooperating Teacher. Candidates observe and apply instructional strategies under the leadership of the Cooperating Teacher to learn to manage and deliver instruction in the elementary classroom. The Cooperating Teacher models appropriate teaching methods, lesson planning and delivery, classroom management, use of technology, and parent communication. Throughout the student teaching experience, the teaching responsibility gradually shifts from the Cooperating Teacher to the candidate, with careful consideration as to when the candidate is ready to assume the full-day teaching experience. The Clinical Practice experience contributes to candidates' preparation to complete the California Teaching Performance Assessment (CalTPA) Cycle 1 required for credential completion.
Credit/No Credit.
Corequisite(s): EDU 60CP1
EDU 6032 Intern Elementary Clinical Practice I (CalTPA Cycle 1) (4 Units)
This Clinical Practice experience provides the Intern candidate with an opportunity to work directly with learners with the support of a district Cooperating Teacher and a University Supervisor. Candidates learn to manage and apply instructional strategies in the elementary classroom with the support of the district Cooperating Teacher and the University Supervisor. Candidates demonstrate basic skills in appropriate teaching methods, lesson planning and delivery, classroom management, use of technology, and parent communication. The Clinical Practice experience contributes to candidates' preparation to complete the California Teaching Performance Assessment (CalTPA) Cycle 1 required for credential completion.
Credit/No Credit.
Corequisite(s): EDU 60CP1
EDU 6034 Elementary Clinical Practice II (CalTPA Cycle 2) (4 Units)
This course is the second Clinical Practice teaching experience. Candidates are assigned to a different content area and/or grade level in an elementary classroom than in the first Clinical Practice experience with an approved Cooperating Teacher. Candidates observe and apply instructional strategies under the leadership of the Cooperating Teacher to learn to manage and deliver instruction in this new elementary classroom setting. The Cooperating Teacher models appropriate teaching methods, lesson planning and delivery, classroom management, use of technology, and parent communication. Throughout the student teaching experience, the teaching responsibility gradually shifts from the Cooperating Teacher to the candidate, with careful consideration as to when the candidate is ready to assume the full-day teaching experience. The Clinical Practice experience contributes to candidates' preparation to complete the California Teaching Performance Assessment (CalTPA) Cycle 2 required for credential completion.
Credit/No Credit.
Prerequisite(s): Successful completion of Clinical Practice I and completion of all Teacher Education admission requirements.
Corequisite(s): EDU 60CP2
EDU 6036 Intern Elementary Clinical Practice II (CalTPA Cycle 2) (4 Units)
This Clinical Practice experience provides the Intern candidate with an additional opportunity to work directly with learners with the support of a district Cooperating Teacher and a University Supervisor. Interns complete all their Supervised Intern Teaching in the grade level where they have been hired as "Teacher of Record." Candidates continue to learn to manage and apply instructional strategies in the elementary classroom with the support of the district Cooperating Teacher and the University Supervisor. Candidates demonstrate basic skills in appropriate teaching methods, lesson planning and delivery, classroom management, use of technology, and parent communication. The Clinical Practice experience contributes to candidates' preparation to complete the California Teaching Performance Assessment (CalTPA) Cycle 2 required for credential completion.
Credit/No Credit.
Prerequisite(s): Successful completion of Clinical Practice I and completion of all Teacher Education admission requirements.
Corequisite(s): EDU 60CP2
EDU 6040 Secondary Clinical Practice I (CalTPA Cycle 1) (4 Units)
This Clinical Practice experience provides the candidate with an opportunity to work directly with learners in a university-assigned secondary classroom with a Cooperating Teacher. Candidates observe and apply instructional strategies under the leadership of the Cooperating Teacher to learn to manage and deliver instruction in the secondary classroom. The Cooperating Teacher models appropriate teaching methods, lesson planning and delivery, classroom management, use of technology and parent communications. Throughout the student teaching experience, the teaching responsibility gradually shifts from the Cooperating Teacher to the candidate, with careful consideration as to when the candidate is ready to assume the full-day teaching experience. The Clinical Practice experience contributes to candidates' preparation to complete the California Teaching Performance Assessment (CalTPA) Cycle 1 required for credential completion.
Credit/No Credit.
Corequisite(s): EDU 60CP1
EDU 6042 Intern Secondary Clinical Practice I (CalTPA Cycle 1) (4 Units)
This Clinical Practice experience provides the Intern candidate with an opportunity to work directly with learners with the support of a district Cooperating Teacher and a University Supervisor. Interns complete all their Supervised Intern Teaching in the grade level/content area where they have been hired as "Teacher of Record." Candidates learn to manage and apply instructional strategies in the secondary classroom with the support of the district Cooperating Teacher and the University Supervisor. Candidates demonstrate basic skills in appropriate teaching methods, lesson planning and delivery, classroom management, use of technology and parent communication. The Clinical Practice experience contributes to candidates' preparation to complete the California Teaching Performance Assessment (CalTPA) Cycle 1 required for credential completion.
Credit/No Credit.
Corequisite(s): EDU 60CP1
EDU 6044 Secondary Clinical Practice II (CalTPA Cycle 2) (4 Units)
This course is the second Clinical Practice teaching experience. Student Teachers are assigned to a different content area and/or grade level in a secondary classroom than in the first Clinical Practice experience with an approved Cooperating Teacher. Candidates observe and apply instructional strategies under the leadership of the Cooperating Teacher to learn to manage and deliver instruction in this new secondary classroom setting. The Cooperating Teacher models appropriate teaching methods, lesson planning and delivery, classroom management, use of technology and parent communication. Throughout the student teaching experience, the teaching responsibility gradually shifts from the Cooperating Teacher to the candidate, with careful consideration as to when the candidate is ready to assume the full-day teaching experience. The Clinical Practice experience contributes to candidates' preparation to complete the California Teaching Performance Assessment (CalTPA) Cycle 2 required for credential completion.
Credit/No Credit.
Prerequisite(s): Successful completion of Clinical Practice I and completion of all Teacher Education admission requirements.
Corequisite(s): EDU 60CP2
EDU 6046 Intern Secondary Clinical Practice II (CalTPA Cycle 2) (4 Units)
This Clinical Practice experience provides the Intern candidate with an additional opportunity to work directly with learners with the support of a district Cooperating Teacher and a University Supervisor. Interns complete all their Supervised Intern Teaching in the grade level/content area where they have been hired as "Teacher of Record." Candidates continue to learn to manage and apply instructional strategies in the secondary classroom with the support of the district Cooperating Teacher and the University Supervisor. Candidates demonstrate basic skills in appropriate teaching methods, lesson planning and delivery, classroom management, use of technology and parent communication. The Clinical Practice experience contributes to candidates' preparation to complete the California Teaching Performance Assessment (CalTPA) Cycle 2 required for credential completion.
Credit/No Credit.
Prerequisite(s): Successful completion of Clinical Practice I and completion of all Teacher Education admission requirements.
Corequisite(s): EDU 60CP2
EDU 6048A Individual Support (3 Units)
This course provides support for pre-service candidates with various just in time teaching strategies to help them be successful in the teacher preparation program.
Credit/No Credit.
EDU 6048B Individual Support (3 Units)
This course provides support for pre-service candidates with various just in time teaching strategies to help them be successful in the teacher preparation program.
Credit/No Credit.
EDU 6048D Individual Development Plan (3 Units)
This course provides support for pre-service candidates to successfully build a bridge to their induction plan.
Credit/No Credit.
EDU 6048G Group Intern Support (3 Units)
This course provides support for pre-service candidates with various just in time teaching strategies to help them be successful in the teacher preparation program.
Credit/No Credit.
EDU 6049S1 Classroom Management Seminar (3 Units)
This course provides universal classroom management support strategies for pre-service teacher candidates. Candidates will learn to build relationships with students, improve classroom behavior, foster a positive classroom culture, create engaging rules, routines, and procedures to positively impact student learning.
Letter grade.
EDU 6049S2 Effective Instruction Seminar (3 Units)
This Effective Instruction course is designed to equip you with the necessary skills and strategies to become an effective teacher. Candidates will explore UDL lessons. Candidates will examine different assessment techniques to measure student progress while engaging students. This course will combine theory and practical applications. The topics will include asset-based learning, rubrics, lesson planning, higher-order thinking skills, and engagement through collaborative instruction.
Letter grade.
EDU 6049S3 Intern Support Seminar (3 Units)
This course provides support for pre-service candidates with various just in time teaching strategies to help them be successful in the teacher preparation program.
Credit/No Credit.
EDU 6049S4 Intern Support Seminar (3 Units)
This course provides support for pre-service candidates with various just in time teaching strategies to help them be successful in the teacher preparation program.
Credit/No Credit.
EDU 6049T1 TPA Support (3 Units)
This course provides support for pre-service candidates to successfully pass Cycle 1 of the California Teacher Preparation Assessment (CALTPA).
Credit/No Credit.
EDU 6049T2 TPA Support (3 Units)
This course provides support for pre-service candidates to successfully pass Cycle 2 of the California Teacher Preparation Assessment (CALTPA).
Credit/No Credit.
EDU 6091 Independent Study (1-3 Units)
This course provides an opportunity for an intensive study of a certain topic in Education involving support for further exploration of the action research topic or special studies.
Credit/No Credit.
Prerequisite(s): Consent of instructor.